“Sometimes the ice would not melt away until late summer, other years it would melt a little earlier, always within the time frame identified by the elders. It used to melt off in July and sometimes in late July here in Iqaluit when we first came here. Other years sometimes it reached into August. I recall one year where it did just that. The ice left in August that year, but nowadays, these last few years, the ice is no longer staying to June even. These days now some families are bringing their boats as the ice now stays only for a short time and then leaves”

“(Sea ice) has really changed, big time. I recall (in my youth) that the ice never used to go out until July. Then the ice would soon reform within a matter of two months. It used to get cold quite early even before November. I recall that we would have ice, really thick ice by November. Usually, by the first week of November, the ice was useable and we could go places. There would be quite a bit of snow on the ground, prior to the ice freezing over.

“It has been snowing not at the right time. It has been snowing in the middle of the summer and it even covers the ground.”

“In the older days when it got warm it would be warm for quite a number of days or weeks, it used to stay warm for quite a while. Also when it got colder it stayed cold long but right now seems like it will warm up but it will get warm probably for one day and then it gets cold already.”

“I used to go egg hunting but now it is too dangerous to travel by ice so I cannot go to the places that I used to go to. I think it is mainly the ice on the sea that has affected me the most.”

“The ice is becoming thinner than it used to be; seems to be affected the most by the climate change.”

“The permafrost has changed and it is noticeable. There are some areas that are eroding and there are some areas that are drying up.”

“It is much warmer now, even in winter. It used to be really cold in January and December but it is not so cold now. The temperature has changed. “

“It is windier now and the change in the ice and water is faster now, it is a lot warmer now.”

“There is a big change of the sea, water and ice than a few years ago; it melts a lot faster now. I have been thinking that the sea water is warmer now…The ice melts through the bottom of the ice, and for that reason I have been thinking that the sea is getting warmer…”